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Effects of Substitution Ratios of Zinc-Substituted Hydroxyapatite on Adsorption and Desorption Behaviors of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2.
- Source :
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences . Sep2022, Vol. 23 Issue 17, p10144. 17p. - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- Understanding interactions between bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and biomaterials is of great significance in preserving the structure and bioactivity of BMPs when utilized in clinical applications. Currently, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is one of the most important growth factors in bone tissue engineering; however, atomistic interactions between BMP-2 and zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite (Zn-HAP, commonly used in artificial bone implants) have not been well clarified until now. Thus, in this work, the interaction energies, binding/debinding states, and molecular structures of BMP-2 upon a series of Zn-HAP surfaces (Zn-HAPs, 1 at%, 2.5 at%, 5 at%, and 10 at% substitution) were investigated by hybrid molecular dynamics (MD) and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations. Meanwhile, cellular studies including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay were performed to verify the theoretical modeling findings. It was found that, compared to pure HAP, Zn-HAPs exhibited a higher binding affinity of BMP-2 at the adsorption process; meanwhile, the detachment of BMP-2 upon Zn-HAPs was more difficult at the desorption process. In addition, molecular structures of BMP-2 could be well stabilized upon Zn-HAPs, especially for Zn10-HAP (with a 10 at% substitution), which showed both the higher stability of cystine-knots and less change in the secondary structures of BMP-2 than those upon HAP. Cellular studies confirmed that higher ALP activity and osteogenic marker gene expression were achieved upon BMP-2/Zn-HAPs than those upon BMP-2/HAP. These findings verified that Zn-HAPs favor the adsorption of BMP-2 and leverage the bioactivity of BMP-2. Together, this work clarified the interaction mechanisms between BMP-2 and Zn-HAPs at the atom level, which could provide new molecular-level insights into the design of BMP-2-loaded biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16616596
- Volume :
- 23
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 159011186
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710144