Thread‐like appendix on Arisaema urashima (Araceae) attracts fungus gnat pollinators.

Most other plant species pollinated by fungus gnats are also associated with moist and shady environments where fungus gnats are abundant throughout the year and where other common pollinators, such as bees, are less abundant (Mochizuki & Kawakita, 2018; Suetsugu & Sueyoshi, 2018; Vogel, 1978). Although fungal gnats were historically considered ineffective pollinators, owing to their small size and poor flight ability (but also see Mochizuki & Kawakita, 2018), fungus gnat pollination will be advantageous in the moist and shady forest understory where I A. urashima i grows. Keywords: deceptive pollination; extravagant display; floral display; fungus gnat; lethal kettle trap; sapromyiophily; trap flower EN deceptive pollination extravagant display floral display fungus gnat lethal kettle trap sapromyiophily trap flower 1 4 4 09/05/22 20220901 NES 220901 Plant floral traits have evolved convergently with pollinator traits (Faegri & van der Pijl, 1979), giving rise to tremendous diversity in floral forms. Thread-like appendix on Arisaema urashima (Araceae) attracts fungus gnat pollinators. [Extracted from the article]