Towards automatic waste containers management in cities via computer vision: containers localization and geo-positioning in city maps.

• Methodology to automatically generate geo-located waste container maps. • Use of Computer Vision algorithms to detect waste containers. • Automatic division into locations with and without containers in city maps. • Robust model with consistent performance disregarding the container type. • System evaluated in eleven Spanish cities with an average accuracy of 89%. This paper describes the scientific achievements of a collaboration between a research group and the waste management division of a company. While these results might be the basis for several practical or commercial developments, we here focus on a novel scientific contribution: a methodology to automatically generate geo-located waste container maps. It is based on the use of Computer Vision algorithms to detect waste containers and identify their geographic location and dimensions. Algorithms analyze a video sequence and provide an automatic discrimination between images with and without containers. More precisely, two state-of-the-art object detectors based on deep learning techniques have been selected for testing, according to their performance and to their adaptability to an on-board real-time environment: EfficientDet and YOLOv5. Experimental results indicate that the proposed visual model for waste container detection is able to effectively operate with consistent performance disregarding the container type (organic waste, plastic, glass and paper recycling,...) and the city layout, which has been assessed by evaluating it on eleven different Spanish cities that vary in terms of size, climate, urban layout and containers' appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]