Topology optimization incorporating a passageway for powder removal in designs for additive manufacturing.

In powder-based additive manufacturing, the unused powder must be removed after printing. Topology optimization has been applied to designs for additive manufacturing, which may lead to designs with enclosed voids, where the powder will be trapped inside during printing. A topology optimization method incorporating a powder removal passageway is developed to avoid the powder being trapped inside the structure. The passageway is generated by connecting the entrance, all voids, and the exit sequentially. Each void is limited to have only one pair of inlet and outlet to guarantee a single-path flow to facilitate powder removal after the additive manufacturing. The path of the passageway is optimized to minimize its influence on structural stiffness. The proposed optimization method was applied to two practical case studies where the powder removal passageways were generated successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]