Detection of Abnormality in Prostate Tissues Using Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Tactile Sensor.

Prostate cancer abnormality (PCA) is considered as one of the most prevalent cancer in which its clinical characteristics differ from low to aggressive stage. Lower-grade tumors do not develop to critical, whereas higher-grade tumors are invasive and they might develop into metastatic disease. There are several methods to detect prostate tissue abnormalities such as by utilizing AI (artificial intelligence); however, there exist certain limitations like security issues and computational complexity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to identify the abnormalities in the prostate tissues by using two-dimensional photonic crystal tactile sensor. This study followed two sensing principles, such that the first principle deals with identifying the values of stress and force by displacement sensing principles. In addition, the second principle deals with finding displacement values by photonic crystal sensing principles. Moreover, the simulation tool used in this study is RSoft CAD software. The study calculated the values of stress, strain, and displacement and found that the stress value was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues. Likewise, the force and displacement values were also found to be higher in cancer tissues. However, the stress, force, and displacement values were very less in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues. By utilizing the proposed photonic crystal tactile sensor, higher values of elastic modulus, stress, force, and displacement shows there is a higher possibility of cancer occurrence in the prostate tissues. In addition, the study finally indicated that the proposed system has obtained higher sensitivity values when compared to other displacement sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]