Intraoperative hemostatic agents in orbital surgery.

While preoperative optimization and post-operative management of hemorrhagic complications are increasingly clear, intraoperative control of bleeding during orbital surgery has received less attention. Thanks to advances in other fields, new technologies may be employed during these interventions. This review was designed to discuss these modalities. A literature search was performed to identify manuscripts that are related to the management of intraoperative bleeding. The bibliographies of these studies were also assessed to identify additional references. Data was abstracted from these studies. Multiple hemostatic agents are currently used in orbital surgery, and related surgical fields have carefully assessed these interventions. Direct mechanical, flowable, and pro-thrombotic medications may all play key roles in achieving hemostasis. Orbital surgeons have several potential technologies to facilitate hemostasis, and the armamentarium continues to grow. Future investigations will yield more targeted medications that may be delivered in novel manners to enhance the intraoperative experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]