Born into care: Associations between area-level deprivation and the rates of children entering care proceedings in Wales.

• Economic deprivation of Welsh neighbourhoods is associated with higher rates of children in care. • Infants are at a far higher risk of appearing in care proceedings in Wales than older children. • S.31 cases involving children cluster in deprived urban areas in Wales, but far less in rural areas. • Tackling area-level deprivation may help reduce children's risk of appearing in care proceedings. • Spend for family support is higher in deprived areas, as councils try to accommodate the higher need. There is international concern about rising rates of children entering out-of-home care and what might be done to reduce the need for compulsory intervention in family life. Previous studies have analysed the associations with family-level variables, such as a presence of domestic abuse, parental mental health problems, and substance misuse in the parental household. Other studies have looked at multiple area-deprivation as a predictor of childhood adversity, but there is a dearth of research which disentangle the associations between the rates of children in care and different forms of deprivation. This paper sheds light the statistical associations between different area-deprivation domains and the rates of infants and older children involved in care proceedings in local authorities in Wales, UK, between 2014 and 2019. Data on family court proceedings in Wales from the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass Cymru), held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank, was linked to information on area-deprivation and incidence rates were computed. Employment deprivation, income, educational and health deprivation are associated with increased incidence rates. Environmental factors such as the physical, housing and access to services domain were not found to be statistically related to the risk of care proceedings. The paper advances knowledge about the wider policy context regarding how to improve the social wellbeing of children in local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]