Multi-view density-based field-road classification for agricultural machinery: DBSCAN and object detection.

• A multi-view density-based field-road classification method was proposed. • An object detection method was used for field-road classification. • The combination of two field-road classification results used the DBI metric. Field-road classification that automatically identifies the operation modes (either in-field or on-road) of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) points plays an important role for the operational performance analysis of agricultural vehicles. Intuitively, a field often has high point density because in-field driving speed is rather low and the distance between consecutive strips is closed. In this paper, two methods were used to capture the in-field high-density characteristic: DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) and an object detection model. DBSCAN is a widely-used density-based clustering algorithm, which clusters the points with high point density into a cluster. Alternatively, a trajectory can be transformed into an image, and an object detection model can be applied to detect objects in the image, where an object is a set of pixels with high pixel density (i.e., a set of points with high point density). Finally, the two field-road classification results are combined using DBI (Davis Bouldin index), a metric which can evaluate the quality of either classification result. The developed method was validated by the harvesting trajectories of two crops (wheat and paddy), and the density-based field-road classification achieved 85.97% and 73.34% accuracy on the wheat data and the paddy data, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]