Design and analysis of a lightweight lower extremity exoskeleton with novel compliant ankle joints.

<bold>Background: </bold>The exoskeleton for lower limb rehabilitation is an uprising field of robot technology. However, since it is difficult to achieve all the optimal design values at the same time, each lower extremity exoskeleton has its own focus.<bold>Objective: </bold>This study aims to develop a modular lightweight lower extremity exoskeleton (MOLLEE) with novel compliant ankle joints, and evaluate the movement performance through kinematics analysis.<bold>Methods: </bold>The overall structure of the exoskeleton was proposed and the adjustable frames, active joint modules, and compliant ankle joints were designed. The forward and inverse kinematics models were established based on the geometric method. The theoretical models were validated by numerical simulations in ADAMS, and the kinematic performance was demonstrated through walking experiments.<bold>Results: </bold>The proposed lower extremity offers six degrees of freedom (DoF). The exoskeleton frame was designed adjustable to fit wearers with a height between 1.55 m and 1.80 m, and waist width from 37 cm to 45 cm. The joint modules can provide maximum torque at 107 Nm for adequate knee and hip joint motion forces. The compliant ankle can bear large flexible deformation, and the relationship between its angular deformation and the contact force can be fitted with a quadratic polynomial function. The kinematics models were established and verified through numerical simulations, and the walking experiments in different action states have shown the expected kinematic characteristics of the designed exoskeleton.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>The proposed MOLLEE exoskeleton is adjustable, modular, and compliant. The designed adjustable frame and compliant ankle can ensure comfort and safety for different wearers. In addition, the kinematics characteristics of the exoskeleton can meet the needs of daily rehabilitation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]