Heat flux across deformable Frenkel–Kontorova lattices tuned by the time-varying heat bath.

The generation of heat flux and its controlled manipulation are old yet important problems. In this paper, we investigate heat flux across deformable Frenkel–Kontorova lattices tuned by the time-varying heat bath. We considered two different cases separately. For the smooth case, we found that for time-varying heat bath driven by different frequencies, suitable shape parameters can control the magnitude and even the direction of the heat flux. We further analyze the influence of the time-varying heat bath (including driving amplitude, phase shift and reference temperature) on the heat flux and find that the driving amplitude can greatly increase the magnitude of the heat flux. For the roughness case, the results suggest that the roughness can weaken the reversal of heat flux or even eliminate this phenomenon. Moreover, for relatively large roughness, the heat flux is close to zero. Our research results reveal the effect of time-varying heat bath and deformable potential energy on heat flux and can be a reference for the study of the nonlinear response mechanism of low-dimensional materials and the application of heat flux controllers. • We investigate heat flux across deformable FK lattices tuned by the time-varying heat bath. • For the roughness case, the roughness can weaken the reversal of heat flux or even eliminate it. • For relatively large roughness, the heat flux is close to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]