Isolation, characterization, and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxicity studies of flavonoids isolated from galls of Pistacia integerrima Stewart.

Pistacia integerrima galls are traditionally applied for the treatment of various diseases pathological conditions and diseases. The aim of the present study was to explore the phytochemical and pharmacological importance of galls of Pistacia integerrima. The phytochemical study of the galls of Pistacia integerrima led to the purification of flavonoids namely 3,5,7,4/-tetrahydroxy-flavanone (1), naringenin (2), 3,5,4/-trihydroxy,7-methoxy-flavanone (3) and sakuranetin (4). The extracts, various fractions, and purified compounds were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal sensitivity. The methanolic and chloroform fraction exhibited excellent activity against K. pneumonia, E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus with an inhibitory zone of 16-24 mm. The isolated flavonoids (1-4) were screened for antibacterial properties. Among tested samples compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant effect against S. aureus E. coli , and B. subtilis, S. epidermis with inhibitory zone 20 to 31 mm followed by compound 3 compared to the maximum effect of Imipenem with the zone of inhibition of 29 mm. Similarly, the extract and flavonoids (1-4) were also assessed for antifungal activity, among tested samples the chloroform and methanolic extracts exhibited the promising activity against tested fungal species. The n- hexane fraction was found least active among the entire samples. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited promising effects against F. solani, M. canis, T. logifusus, and C. glabrata (18-58 mm) followed by compounds 3 , and 4 also showed good sensitivity against F. solani, M. canis, T. logifusus and C. glabrata (22-46). Interestingly no substantial cytotoxicity was detected in the case of the MTT screening test, thus our results indicate the safety profile of the extracts and flavonoids. [Display omitted] • Flavonoids (1-4) were isolated from the galls of Pistacia integerrima. • The extracts and isolated compounds exhibited excellent antibacterial effects against selected bacterial strains. • The extracts and isolated compounds also have excellent antifungal activity against selected fungal strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]