Optimisation of Smart Local Energy Systems with Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage in Cities.

This paper provides an overview of a systematic approach for the performance optimisation of smart local energy systems (SLES) using central London, UK as a case study. Key components of the SLES are linked in decentralised energy centres, which are connected through an ultra-low temperature (also called ambient loop) 5th generation heating & cooling (5DHC) network. The 5DHC approach requires a means of balancing the heat and coolth in the ambient loop. This work has identified that the introduction of Aquifer thermal energy stores (ATES) system could be a novel way of achieving that balancing mechanism as well as to provide heat and coolth store interseasonally. This paper describes a comprehensive study, which investigated the potential of using the London aquifer system for supplying and balancing the thermal loads of a 5DHC network in Central London. The paper first introduces a currently ongoing detailed design project called GreenSCIES - Green Smart Community Integrated Energy Systems. Then it presents the methodology applied for evaluating the opportunity for implementing and optimising the scheme making use of an ATES system. Results of novel and comprehensive numerical groundwater modelling of the ATES system behaviour at the proposed location are presented and discussed in detail. Furthermore, the results are discussed in relation to optimal location, design and operational regime of the boreholes in order to achieve maximum performance of the proposed 5DHC scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]