Intestinal microbiota-derived membrane vesicles and their role in chronic kidney disease.

Intestinal microbiota-derived membrane vesicles (MVs) play essential roles in immunomodulation and maintenance of the intestinal micro-ecosystem. The relationship between MVs and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has remained undefined. This review provides a survey of the structure and biological function of different vesicle types and summarizes the possible pathogenic mechanisms mediated by MVs, which may be of great clinical significance in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease. • Gram-negative bacteria as well as gram-positive bacteria can release membrane vesicles to promote cell-to-cell communication. • Intestinal microbiota-derived membrane vesicles are mediate inflammation, pyroptosis, immunomodulation, and disease development. • The cause of membrane vesicles related kidney diseases may be inflammation, cytokines activation, or intestine-kidney axis. • Intestinal microbiota-derived membrane vesicles may be a proposing therapeutic tool for the chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]