System-level efforts to address pain-related workplace challenges.

Painful musculoskeletal disorders represent an enormous burden at the individual, organizational, and societal levels.[72] In the workplace context, disabling effects of pain are influenced by a wide range of psychosocial factors, including pain beliefs, psychological distress, social support, self-efficacy, and perceptions of organizational support.[[26], [49], [52], [66]] Moreover, a patient's ability to return to work (RTW) or maintain employment can be affected by multiple overlapping systems outside of the clinic. Work and pain: a lifespan development approach.; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. p., 160-77. 9 Bhattacharya A,, Ray T. Precarious work, job stress, and health-related quality of life. In all cases, interventions may need to address workplace and individual issues[82] and prognostic factors that vary by pain duration.[[12], [40], [89]] The effective management of pain-associated limitations in the workplace therefore requires consideration of both physical and psychosocial factors as well as overall management planning.[76] 2.1. [Extracted from the article]