The Goddard problem: Correcting constants in a dimension-free drag formulation.

This paper identifies an incorrect drag formulation that exists in numerous papers concerning solution to the Goddard problem. Two constants of this formulation are erroneous. The first one is used to model the atmospheric density decay and its incorrect value has led to an overestimation of the atmospheric drag. The second constant was driven by a rocket's mass-to-cross section area ratio, and its value would only be possible for rockets with extremely low densities, not achievable in reality. The paper explains why these constants are not correct and proposes new values to be used in future formulations of the Goddard problem. • Constants in a dimension-free frag formulation in the Goddard problem used in numerous research papers are erroneous. • Evidence for erroneous nature of these constants is shown. • New, correct constants in a dimension-free drag formulation in the Goddard problem are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]