Systemic implications for research and practice in online education: A focus on learner, course and instructor, and organizational levels.

In a recent systematic review of research exploring online teaching and learning, identified research themes across, learner, course or instructor, and organizational levels. This commentary will further explore the systemic implications such themes pose for future research and practice in online education. This commentary elaborates on the systemic relationship within and between the learner, course and instructor, and organizational levels and provides implications for both researchers and practitioners. Systemic challenges at each level and future directions for research are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]