Updated review on emerging technologies for PFAS contaminated water treatment.

Despite the rapid advances in treatment technologies for per-fluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal, the efficiency and practicality of these technologies would be either questionable or not cost-competitive sometimes. Several studies have successfully removed or destroyed PFAS from aqueous solutions but only to a limited level. Nevertheless, the treatment technologies are still evolving, and thus, long-term strategies should be implemented with caution. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of PFAS were provided. The emerging treatment technologies for PFAS removal, such as ion exchange resins, adsorption, advanced oxidation process, and membrane-based separation, are briefly reviewed in this paper. The treatment's mechanisms and future research trends are covered to provide insight into the technologies above. The study covered the treatment technologies for PFAS removal systematically and hierarchically and delivered a guideline for creating efficient and robust treatment technology for PFAS treatment. [Display omitted] • Ion exchange Resins is more efficient than adsorption processes for short-chain PFAS removal. • Zwitterionic PFASs received lower attention than anionic, cationic, and non-ionic PFASs. • Integrating treatment technologies would be a viable option for a sustainable solution. • Membrane rejection to PFOS increases with increasing the ionic solution of feed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]