Central and Local Modulators of Reproduction and Fertility: An Update.

During embryo development, gonadal sex determination commits a bi-potential undifferentiated gonad toward a "male" or "female" fate with the formation of an ovary or testis (differentiated gonads). In this respect, the review article by Piprek et al. [[7]] is focused on the role of the main cadherins (i.e., E- and N-cadherin) in germline and gonad development, male and female gametogenesis, reproduction and fertility. In this respect, the list of centrally and peripherally produced modulators of reproduction is growing and the knowledge of their related molecular and epigenetic signalling pathways is functioning to preserve reproduction and fertility, and to develop successful therapeutic strategies as well. In conclusion, despite experimental evidence, modulators and regulatory mechanisms in reproduction and fertility yet remain to be fully elucidated; hence, there is a need to fill this gap in order to preserve reproduction and devise clinically effective treatment strategies in infertility. [Extracted from the article]