Perioperative second-line chemotherapy is beneficial for resectable liver metastases that occur during or early after adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.

Background: The prognosis of patients with liver metastases during or early after adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is significantly worse. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of perioperative second-line chemotherapy in prolonging survival in those patients. Methods: Patients who underwent liver resection, with resectable liver metastases that occurred within 12 months after the last cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy for CRC, from January 2006 to December 2019, were included. The long-term outcome of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between different groups was analyzed. Results: A total of 200 patients were included, of whom 112 underwent direct hepatectomy and 88 received upfront second-line chemotherapy. OS and PFS were significantly better in patients receiving upfront second-line chemotherapy than direct surgery (PFS, P = 0.016; OS, P = 0.013). Further analysis showed that perioperative second-line chemotherapy could provide a greater survival benefit, which was also confirmed by propensity score matching (OS: P = 0.03; PFS: P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis determined that perioperative second-line chemotherapy was an independent factor influencing OS (OR [95% CI]: 0.468 [0.294–0.744], P = 0.001) and PFS (OR [95% CI]: 0.517 [0.353–0.758], P = 0.001). Discussion: Perioperative second-line chemotherapy could improve the survival of patients who underwent hepatectomy, with resectable liver metastases that occurred during or early after adjuvant chemotherapy for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]