Spray collapse characteristics of practical GDI spray for lateral-mounted GDI engines.

• Spray collapsing of using a practical lateral-mounted gasoline direct injector were investigated. • High-speed diffusive back illumination extinction imaging and computed tomography reconstruction were applied. • Spray collapse and plume merging showed significant transient behavior. • The triangular spray pattern was found to be prone to merging of centrally located plumes and spray collapse. Spray collapsing and plume merging processes were investigated using a lateral-mounted gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector with a practical 'triangular' spray pattern. High-speed diffusive back illumination extinction imaging followed by computed tomography reconstruction was applied to understand the spatiotemporal plume dynamics under engine-like conditions. The spray chamber and injector conditions include (1) cold, subcooled standard temperature and pressure (STP) used by the injector manufacturer, (2) practical gasoline fuels with full-range distillation, (3) flash-boiling with fuel temperature and vacuum gas pressure, and (4) high gas pressure and temperature typical of injection during compression. The novel experiments permit tracking of plume merging at different times and axial distances downstream of the nozzle. A triangular 6-hole pattern, which is widely used in lateral-mounted GDI engines, was found to be prone to having the centrally located plumes move close to each other thus leading to spray collapse with these plumes at all practical test conditions (2)–(4). Variations of air entrainment and local pressure with different conditions were identified as dominant factors for the timing and position of spray collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]