Variation of properties of two contrasting Oxisols enhanced by pXRF and Vis-NIR.

Oxisols are generally deep, weathered-leached soils that present morphologically homogeneous profiles. Despite their apparent homogeneity, different parent materials and pedogenetic processes grant these soils diverse chemical and mineralogical attributes. Proximal sensors might help to detect the variability of soil attributes along such old and deep profiles. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical, chemical and mineralogical variability of Oxisol profiles originated from different parent materials with aid of visible and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (Vis-NIR DRS) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry, in order to evaluate if these proximal sensors can complement the analysis of these deep and weathered tropical soils. Two Oxisol profiles were selected: Anionic Acrudox (AA) and Typic Hapludox (TH). One hundred samples were collected in each profile down to 2 m of depth, following a grid of 10 × 10 cm, for pXRF, Vis-NIR and XRD analyses. Vis-NIR DRS spectra provided key mineralogical information in agreement with X-ray diffraction results, showing differential occurrence of kaolinite, hematite, maghemite and gibbsite/kaolinite ratio in these profiles. PXRF detected high chemical variability across the profiles and allowed to map the spatial chemical distribution of both soils. Proximal sensors provided an inexpensive and efficient way to help complement the identification of meaningful variability across Oxisol profiles that remained even after the long formation process of these very weathered tropical soils. • Very weathered and apparently homogeneous Oxisols were detailed investigated. • Anionic Acrudox (AA) and Typic Hapludox (TH) were analyzed via proximal sensing. • Proximal sensors detected detailed variations across horizons of the studied profiles. • AA showed higher contents of metals, while TH presented more Si and Al. • TH presented greater variation of properties between horizons than AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]