Mechanically driven active and passive grains as models for egress dynamics.

Passages of people or cattle through narrow entrances or exits occur in manifold situations. They are difficult to study experimentally, because one has to carefully separate objective, physical parameters from subjective, individual motivations, manners and temperament. Mechanically excited physical model systems can help to discriminate some of these classes of parameters. We characterize active and passive particles of equal shape and mass on a vibrating plate and study their bottleneck passage dynamics. They show fundamentally different scaling behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]