Economic and environmental impact assessments of hybridized aircraft engines with hydrogen and other fuels.

Hybridized engines have become the focus of research nowadays in order to update the existing engines in different transportation sectors. This paper presents a hybridized aircraft engine consisting of a molten carbonate fuel cell system and a commercial turbofan system. The MCFC units are connected to a steam reforming and a water gas shift system. Also, five clean fuels are selected, such as dimethyl ether, hydrogen, ethanol, methane, and methanol, which are combined with different mass ratios to form five different fuel blends. The hybridized aircraft is investigated using three approaches: exergy analysis, exergoeconomic analysis, and exergoenvironmental analysis. It is found that the proposed engine has an average exergetic efficiency of 88% and an average exergy destruction ratio of 12%. The specific exergetic cost of electricity of the engine has an average value of 710 $/GJ for the high-pressure turbine and 230$/GJ for the intermediate and low-pressure turbines, as well as 50 $/GJ for the MCFC. The average specific exergoenvironmental impact of electricity is 14 mPt/MJ for turbines and 4 mPt/MJ for the MCFC. In addition, a blend of ethanol and hydrogen appears to be a viable option economically and environmentally. [Display omitted] • Five alternative fuels are chosen with different concentrations. • Hybridized MCFC-aircraft has 86%–89% high exergetic efficiency. • Hybridized MCFC-aircraft engine has 15% exergy destruction ratio. • The total annual levelized investment of the hybridized system is 76 k $/h. • The total component-related environmental impact rate is less than 40 mPt/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]