Porous ternary Pt-based branched nanostructures for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction.

[Display omitted] • Highlighting the rational design of ternary Pt-based branched nanostructures (PTB-Pt) • Discussion the fabrication methods of PTB-Pt and their mechanisms. • Emphasizing the effect of shape and composition of PTB-Pt on oxygen reduction (ORR) activity. • Identifying the current limitations and perspectives direction on design PTB-Pt for ORR. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is pivotal for optimizing the energy output of fuel cells and metal-air batteries; however, their commercialization is precluded by the intolerable cost, instability, earth-scarcity of Pt that remains a prestigious catalyst for ORR. Porous ternary Pt-based branched nanostructures (PTB-Pt) with unique catalytic properties, low-density structural stability, multiple electronic effects, high surface area, and maximized atomic utilization can maximize the ORR catalytic activity at low Pt content. This review provides broad and balanced insights on the substantial progress on the rational design of porous PTB-Pt for ORR and their fundamental mechanisms besides the current challenges and perspectives on designing ideal PTB-Pt catalysts for efficient ORR and guidance for future development of real-device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]