Myelodysplastische Syndrome (Teil 1).

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of hematological neoplasms, which are not uncommon and principally affect older adults (> 60 years). The major characteristic is a dysplastic and ineffective hematopoiesis. Morphological indicator in the bone marrow is hyperplasia with abnormal appearance of the cells, affecting one or more lineages. In the peripheral blood cytopenia arises as an effect of apoptosis. In later stages of disease blasts may proliferate. Approximately 25 % develop into acute leucemia. Most cases show chromosomal aberrations. To confirm the diagnosis of MDS in differentiation to other dysplastic changes a multi stage approach is necessary. This needs cytology as the basis and furthermore immunophenotype, genetics and bone marrow biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]