Fatores Maternos associados à ocorrência de Mielomeningocele: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica.

Myelomeningocele is a primary defect of the most common neural tube, this defect is one of the most serious congenital malformations in newborns, since the central nervous system starts in a tube that develops in the most complex structures of the human body. The defect can occur in its cranial portion, resulting in malformations such as anencephaly and encephalocele, or in the caudal portion, resulting in malformations that, in group, are known as spina bifida. Myelomeningocele is classified as open spina bifida and occurs within the first four weeks of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to identify maternal factors associated with the onset of myelomeningocele in the literature. Data collection was carried out from October to November 2021, in the SciELO, Google Academic and BVS – Brazil databases using the keywords: “myelomeningocele”, “neural tube malformation” and “maternal factors”, also requiring the research in specific books, constituting a sample of 13 publications. Folic acid deficiency stood out as the main maternal factor associated with the occurrence of myelomeningocele; in addition to maternal intake of anticonvulsants, intake of drugs that are antagonists to folic acid, diseases such as diabetes and obesity, zinc deficiency, low socioeconomic conditions and disturbing influences such as radiation and maternal hyperthermia. It is concluded that public measures to combat preventable maternal factors are necessary, since myelomeningocele is a limiting and complex pathology, with an impact on the quality of life of patients and their families, in addition to requiring a specialized and multidisciplinary team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]