Prevalence and Distribution of Hypodontia and Supernumerary Teeth among Dental Patients in the Northern Region of Malaysia.

Introduction: This retrospective and cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies (hypodontia and supernumerary teeth) in the permanent dentition among children by using orthopantomogram (OPG). Methods: A total of 4656 OPGs taken from January 2010 until December 2018 were initially screened at a dental referral centre for Malaysian Northern region. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 744 children [mean (SD) age = 12.38 (3.97) years, 272 males and 472 females] were included. Results: Hypodontia and supernumerary teeth prevalence were 15.9% and 2.0%, respectively. Hypodontia has higher predilection in females (16.3%) compared to males (15.1%). Besides, males showed higher distribution in mandible while females showed higher distribution in maxilla. The most commonly involved tooth as hypodontia for males was maxillary left second premolar (2.6%) whereas maxillary left lateral incisor (2.5%) was commonly seen in females. Males (4.0%) showed more supernumerary teeth occurrence compared to females (0.8%) with higher observation in the maxillary arch. The most commonly involved tooth in supernumerary was mesiodens (1.6%). A higher occurrence of hypodontia was seen as the age of the subjects increased (p < 0.000). For supernumerary teeth, the highest occurrence was found in 7 to 12 years old age group (p < 0.001). Supernumerary teeth were found to be strongly associated with gender of the subjects (p < 0.017). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypodontia was higher compared to supernumerary teeth and its distribution was also higher among female subjects compared to male subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]