Numerical simulation of single/double liquid jets in supersonic crossflows.

This study investigates the mixing processes of liquid jets in supersonic crossflows at a Mach number of 2.1 by using numerical simulations that employ the Coupled Level-Set/Volume-of-Fluid (CLSVOF) method, which is based on the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES). The instantaneous spray morphology from the simulations agreed well with the experimental data. The spray presents the 'Ω' shape when viewed from the front, and the maximum error in the penetration depth was 15% from a side perspective. The direction of the air movement determined the shape of the liquid column shearing and breaking. In turn, the breaking process of the liquid jet significantly affects the structure of the air flow. Three-dimensional flow around the liquid column occurred when the supersonic incoming flow impinged on the liquid column, ultimately forming counter-rotating vortex pairs (CVP) in the inner region of the spray. Evolution of the reverse vortex pair accelerated the mixing process of the spray. Single liquid jet was used as a basis to further study double jets in Mach 2.1 airflow. The results show that the breaking length and penetration depth of the downstream jet are significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]