İstanbul'daki İranlılar ve Kısa İstibdat Dönemi'nde (1908-1909) Anayasacılık: Şems ve Suruş'u Bağlamsallaştırmak.

After the Young Turks assumed power in Istanbul, Iranians who had fled the bombardment of the Iranian Majles found the capital of the Ottoman Empire an opportune space for resistance. This article examines the revolutionary discourse that evolved in Istanbul during the Lesser Despotism (Estebdad-e Saghir) in 1908 and 1909. By delving into the Anjoman- e Sa'adat, Anjoman-e Baradaran-e Irani and the Komiteh-ye Nesvan-e Irani-ye Moqimin-e Istanbul, alongside the Persian press, i.e. Shams [Istanbul] and Soroush [Istanbul], I argue that the political center that Iranians formed in Istanbul defined the discourse and the ultimate vision of the constitutionalists in Iran.This paper demonstrates how Istanbul became a major political center during Iran's constitutional revolution and how it paved the way for the restoration of the constitutional rule, the abdication of Mohammad Ali Shah, and the establishment of the second Majles in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]