Aiming at the industrialization of perovskite solar cells: Coping with stability challenge.

The certified power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has risen from 3.8% to 25.5% in a decade or so, which is no doubt the fastest growing photovoltaic technology in history. However, the industrialization of PSCs has encountered a series of obstacles such as photovoltaic performance, cost, toxicity, stability, and scaling-up production. Among these factors, the stability issue is the most challenging. In this Perspective, we put forward a concept, which covers Degradation, Expansion, Reaction, and Migration, respectively. We reveal stability failure mechanisms of PSCs from these four aspects one by one. Finally, we summarize and discuss some strategies toward industrial applications of PSCs from the perspective of the resolving stability issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]