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TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a crucial role in patulin-induced pro-fibrotic changes in rat kidney via modulation of slug and snail expression.

Authors :
Pal, Saurabh
Singh, Neha
Dev, Indra
Sharma, Vineeta
Jagdale, Pankaj Ramji
Ayanur, Anjaneya
Ansari, Kausar Mahmood
Source :
Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology. Jan2022, Vol. 434, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin that contaminates a variety of food and foodstuffs. Earlier in vitro and in vivo findings have indicated that kidney is one of the target organs for PAT-induced toxicity. However, no study has evaluated the chronic effects of PAT exposure at environmentally relevant doses or elucidated the detailed mechanism(s) involved. Here, using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches, we delineated the mechanism/s involved in pro-fibrotic changes in the kidney after low-dose chronic exposure to PAT. We found that non-toxic concentrations (50 nM and 100 nM) of PAT to normal rat kidney cells (NRK52E) caused a higher generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (mainly hydroxyl (•OH), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and hypochlorite radical (ClO−). PAT exposure caused the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and its downstream c-Jun/Fos signaling pathways. Moreover, our chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis suggested that c-Jun/Fos binds to the promoter region of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β 1) and possibly induces its expression. Results showed that PAT-induced TGF-β 1 further activates the TGF-β 1 /smad signaling pathways. Higher activation of slug and snail transcription factors further modulates the regulation of pro-fibrotic molecules. Similarly , in vivo results showed that PAT exposure to rats through gavage at 25 and 100 μg/kg b. wt had higher levels of kidney injury/toxicity markers namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), kidney Injury Molecule-1 (Kim-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (Timp-1), and clusterin (CLU). Additionally, histopathological analysis indicated significant alterations in renal tubules and glomeruli along with collagen deposition in PAT-treated rat kidneys. Overall, our data provide evidence of the involvement of ROS mediated MAPKs and TGF-β 1 /smad pathways in PAT-induced pro-fibrotic changes in the kidney via modulation of slug and snail expression. [Display omitted] • Low-dose chronic exposure to PAT caused pro-fibrotic changes in rat kidney. • Non-toxic concentrations of PAT caused activation of MAPKs and c-jun/c-fos. • Pharmacological inhibitor of JNK reduced the PAT-induced TGF-β expression. • Pharmacological inhibitor of TGF-β inhibited the PAT-induced EMT markers. • TGF-β/Smad pathway regulate pro-fibrotic changes via slug and snail expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
0041008X
Volume :
434
Database :
Academic Search Index
Journal :
Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
154241237
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2021.115819