Emigration Movements of Rural Women in Itapejara d'Oeste/PR: facing relations of patriarchal power.

This article analyzes the relations of power, of knowledge and of being that, since colonialism, have constituted hierarchies around gender classifications. Our culture labels as non-civilized and non-human those who do not fit the hegemonic model; this label is used to understand the role of women in rural contexts. In rural areas, modern women seek to break with established relations of power, seeking greater independence and access to public leadership. Given these questions, it is worth asking: what are the factors that empower rural women? It is observed that education and non-agricultural income alternatives make it possible to break their invisibility in rural establishments. For the construction of the analysis, the statistical data are presented from a sample of 95 cases of the rural population of Itapejara d'Oeste / PR. The initial survey was carried out in 2005 and later updated in 2010 and 2015. Econometric tools, based on the limited dependent variable model (LDVM) were used. The results indicated the occurrence of a greater emigration of women related to higher education, as well as a decrease of this emigration when women started to have greater access to non-agricultural income in rural areas. Both forms of access to public space have given rural women greater independence and probably helped to break out of their invisibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]