Patent Foramen Ovale Closure-Harnessing Clinical Trial Evidence to Inform Individualized Treatment Decisions.

The authors reflect on the importance of using harnessing clinical trial evidence to decide on individualized treatment of patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO). Also cited are the randomized clinical trials comparing outcome of PFO closure against treatment with antiplatelet or anticoagulation agents, and the study using the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) Score and the PFO-Associated Stroke Causal Likelihood (PASCAL) Classification System.