The effect of ultrafine iron particles on the adaptation of the digestive system of cattle to fat diets.

The aim of our study was to determine the possibility of using ultrafine Fe particles (2.2 mg/head/day) as modulators of metabolic activity when using vegetable soybean and sunflower oils in ruminant diets. The studies carried out on calves with external duodenal anastomosis (diet - grassland hay (2 kg), a mixture of concentrates (1.5 kg), corn silage (5 kg), wheat straw (1 kg), oil-3% of the dry matter of the diet). The digestibility of the nutritional components of the diet analyzed daily throughout the study period. The collection of pancreatic juice was carried out for 8 hours with an interval of 60 minutes on the 7th day, the determination of the amount and enzymatic activity of the juice carried out "incito." Introduction of ultrafine Fe particles significantly increased the digestibility of organic matter by 38% (P = 0.05) with the introduction of vegetable soybean oil, crude fat by 28.4% (P = 0.05) with the introduction of sunflower oil. Additional introduction of ultrafine Fe particles significantly increased the level of pancreatic secretion when sunflower oil was introduced by 59.8%, soybean oil by 56% (P = 0.05). Additional inclusion of ultrafine iron particles contributed to the decrease of lipase, protease and amylase activity by 86,8%, 37,4% and 33% (P = 0,05) in the sunflower oil group, by 68,2% of lipase, by 24,6% of amylase in the soybean oil group (P = 0,05). A significant increase in the level of NO-metabolites was recorded in the group receiving soybean oil by 37.5 % (P < 0.05). This study shows the potential use of ultrafine Fe particles as a mineral supplement to regulate the functional activity of digestive and metabolic processes in ruminants, which may play a positive role in increasing the bioavailability of nutritional components of diets. This research performed with financial support from the project 0761-2019-0005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]