林地确权、风险感知与非农就业.

Background: Forestland right confirmation is an important part of the new round of collective forest tenure reform.It is worth noting that after the forestland right confirmation, the stability and security of farmers' land ownership has increased, land constraints have decreased, and the allocation of labor resources has also undergone corresponding changes. Methods: Based on the research data of 612 rubber growers in Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the logit model is used to estimate the risk perception of farmers' rubber planting and interactive effects of off-farm employment caused by forestland right confirmation.The control method is used to control the endogeneity of risk perception.In addition, the interactive effects were analyzed heterogeneously from three perspectives: planting area, whether to harvest rubber, and planting altitude. Results: The estimation results of the logit model show that the impact of forestland right confirmation on off-farm employment is not significant, but the interactive effect of affirmation of woodland and risk perception is significantly positive at the level of 10%.This result shows that the forestland right confirmation has no direct impact on off-farm employment, but its impact on off-farm employment changes with the variations of the perception of rubber planting risks.For farmers holding forest property right certifications, the higher the risk perception of rubber planting, the greater the possibility of engaging in off-farm employment.The control method is used to further control the endogeneity of risk perception, which verifies the robustness of the research results.In addition, the interactive effects of forestland right confirmation and risk perception on off-farm employment are heterogeneous in terms of rubber planting area, harvest situation and altitude.The interactive effect of forestland right confirmation and risk perception on the off-farm employment of farmers whose rubber planting area is greater than 0.5 ha per person is the most significant, followed by those whose rubber planting area is between 0.5 and 1.0 ha per person.The mutual effect of forestland right confirmation and risk perception on the off-farm employment of farmers whose rubber planting area is greater than 1.0 ha per person is not significant.It can be seen that, the interactive effect of forestland right confirmation and risk perception on non-agricultural employment has weakened with the increase of rubber planting area.Then, forestland right confirmation and risk perception have a significant interactive effect on the off-farm employment of unharvested rubber farmers, but the impact on other farmers is not significant.This means that as the risk perception of rubber planting increases, farmers who have not harvested rubber are more likely to engage in off-farm employment.In contrast, farmers who harvested rubber during the harvest period may not change their off-farm employment decisions as the risk perception changes.Finally, in terms of the altitude of rubber planting, the interactive effect of farmer's forestland right confirmation and risk perception on off-farm employment in areas above 800 m altitude is significantly positive.For farmers whose altitude is below 800 m, the interactive effect of forestland right confirmation and risk perception on off-farm employment is not significant.The interactive effect of forestland right confirmation and risk perception on off-farm employment may weaken with the increase of altitude. Conclusions and Discussions: The forestland right confirmation does not have a significant direct impact on off-farm employment, while the forestland right confirmation and rubber planting risk perception have a significant positive interactive effect on off-farm employment.At the same time, the interactive effects of different planting areas, different harvest conditions, and different altitudes are heterogeneous.The results of this study are conducive to a better understanding of the off-farm employment of rubber farmers in the context of forestland right confirmation.It is recommended to further deepen the reform of the collective forest tenure system, help farmers correctly understand the risks of rubber planting, and promote off-farm employment of rubber growers with specific characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]