Redefining the territory and competency of architectural practitioners within a BIM-based environment: a systematic review.

Within the digital era of building information modelling (BIM), the sustainability of architectural business practices and architect's professional values is highly anticipated by the competencies of individual architectural practitioners in performing their day-to-day job activities. However, their lack of competencies remains a significant barrier towards successful implementation of BIM within an organisation and individual architectural project. Previous review studies of BIM competencies have yet to focus on any architectural discipline, and therefore, this study attempts to redefine the expected BIM competence acts expected from the architects serving an architectural institutional environment. Towards this end, the PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was employed to assess the empirical evidence found in the literature. The findings have confirmed that within a BIM-based environment, being competent is no longer viewed as being 'technology savvy' but rather having an ability to demonstrate change management, strategic planning, finance and budgeting, and project delivery sets of competencies in day-to-day job activities. This discovery extends the base knowledge of BIM competencies sets particularly for architectural practitioners and offers valuable and practical insights for architectural institutions to structure a framework of professional pathways for future architectural practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]