东南亚兰科植物的物种多样性、生活习性及其传粉系统.

Orchidaceae, widely distributed in various terrestrial ecosystems except for Antarctica, Arctic and extreme desert areas, comprises more than 28 000 species in more than 800 genera of 5 subfamilies. As one of the hotspots of orchid biodiversity in the world, Southeast Asia accounted for about 1/3 of all orchid species. In this paper, we reviewed the species diversity, evolution and dispersal history, as well as classified the habits and pollination systems of orchid species in Southeast Asia. The results are as follows:(1)A total of 8 855 orchid species, which belongs to 5 subfamilies, 17 tribes, 26 subtribes and 240 genera in Southeast Asia, were enumerated and evaluated.(2)The main habits of orchids in Southeast Asia include more than 6 000 epiphytic species of 127 genera, more than 2 000 terrestrial species of 97 genera, about 100 saprophytic species of 13 genera and more than 40 vine species of 4 genera.(3)According to the pollination system of 79 genera of Orchidaceae in Southeast Asia, 44 genera contained automatic self-pollination species. Rewarding pollination systems involve the forms of pollen(only found in subfamily Apostasioideae), fragrance oils(only found in subfamily Vanilloideae)and nectar(found in all five subfamilies)as rewards. Additionally, deceptive pollination systems exist widely in all five subfamilies, including food-deceptive system, sexual mimicry, shelter mimicry, oviposition-site mimicry and pheromone mimicry. Orchidaceae in Southeast Asia show a high diversity of species, habits and pollination systems. The summary of orchid biological characteristics provides some theoretical foundations and context information for the conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]