Fourth Amendment — Search and Seizure — Police Misconduct — Torres v. Madrid.

The article presents a court case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of physical force to the body of a person with intent to restrain is considered seizure under the Fourth Amendment. In the case Torres v. Madrid, Roxanne Torres filed excessive force against two police officers who shot her at the back twice. In his majority opinion, Chief Justice John Roberts held that the use of force constituted a seizure.