Ankle conFUSION: The quality and readability of information on the internet relating to ankle arthrodesis.

<bold>Background: </bold>The internet is an important source of information for patients undergoing surgery. Multiple studies have identified inappropriately high reading levels of patient information online. The average reading level in the United States is 7-8th grade. Multiple organisations have recommended that patient information not exceed 6th grade level. This study aims to evaluate the reading levels and quality of information regarding ankle fusion surgery online.<bold>Methods: </bold>Google, Bing and Yahoo were searched (MeSH "ankle fusion", "ankle arthrodesis") and the top 30 URLs analysed. Readability was assessed using an online readability calculator to produce 3 scores (Gunning FOG, Flesch Kincaid Grade and Flesch Reading Ease). Quality was assessed using a HONcode detection web-extension and the JAMA benchmark criteria.<bold>Results: </bold>Ninety-eight webpages were identified. The mean Flesch Kincaid Grade level was 9.24 ± 2.33 (95% CI 8.78-9.71). The mean Gunning FOG grade was 10.88 ± 3.1 (95% CI 10.26-11.5). The mean Flesch Reading Ease score was 49.88 ± 14.46 (95% CI 46.98-52.78). 7 webpages were at or below the 6th grade reading level. The mean JAMA score was 1.34 ± 1.32 out of 4 (95% CI 1.07-1.6). 14 websites were HONcode accredited.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>The overall readability of medical information online is too high for the average patient. Given the important role that health literacy provides in patient reported outcomes, improving the readability and quality of these materials is imperative. Awareness by the general public is essential for them to critically appraise the information they receive online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]