Quasi-dynamic operation and maintenance plan for photovoltaic systems in remote areas: The framework of Pantanal-MS.

Off-grid photovoltaic energy systems (PESs) are increasingly being used for the electrification of remote areas in Brazil, owing to the need for carbon emission avoidance, potential approval of solar resources, and cost-effective expansion limits for conventional distribution systems. However, the complex environment, social, economic, and geographical aspects turn the operation and maintenance (O&M) of PES into a logistic and technical challenge in remote areas. Therefore, this study presents an O&M plan for rural electrification of the Pantanal of the Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) region in Brazil. A quasi-dynamic heuristic approach is proposed, which considers not only the PES requirements but also the environmental constraints, given by the consumer locations, the flood period variation, and the different logistical strategies for off-road assessment. The quasi-dynamic O&M plan was designed based on space, time, and costs, with five main goals: task scheduling, transport route planning, team dispatch, inventory, and vehicle estimation. [Display omitted] • A well based framework is needed to overcome the challenges of rural electrification. • Pantanal MS is a large remote area with very low population density. • To entrust preventive maintenance to local residents attenuates logistic challenges. • Battery life cycle has a major impact on Levelized Cost of Energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]