Challenges of Biofuel Applications in Industrial and Automotive: A Review.

The increasing thirst for energy and the threat of global warming coupled with the diminishing production of fossil fuel has forced the implementation of substitute fuels from sustainable sources. As a sustainable fuel source, biofuel can be directly applied in various fields such as in automotive and industry. Moreover, biofuel also had a lower carbon footprint than traditional non-renewable fossil fuel. However, the effect of using biofuel on the industrial and transportation sector requires a more in-depth study to ensure its viability and effect on the existing infrastructure. Therefore, this study provides an overview of the application of the biofuel in two primary sectors, industrial and transportation. This study reviewed various peer-reviewed journals to provide an in-depth overview of the hurdles and opportunities in the biofuel's application. High NOx emission and lower efficiency of the pure biofuel (B100) remains the main hurdles for the broader application of the biofuel in the industrial and transportation sector. Compared to the diesel fuel, pure biofuel combustion results in lower engine performance and efficiency. However, biofuel combustion emits lower hydrocarbons, sulfur, and carbon monoxide emission than diesel fuel. Moreover, biofuel emission also has better opacity and lower particulate emission (PM2,5) than non-renewable fossil-fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]