Global Heteroclinic Rebel Dynamics Among Large 2-Clusters in Permutation Equivariant Systems.

We explore equivariant dynamics under the symmetric group SN of all permutations of N elements. Specifically we study one-parameter vector fields, up to cubic order, which commute with the standard real (N-1)-dimensional irreducible representation of SN. The parameter is the linearization at the trivial 1-cluster equilibrium of total synchrony. All equilibria are cluster solutions involving up to three clusters. The resulting global dynamics is of gradient type: all bounded solutions are cluster equilibria and heteroclinic orbits between them. In the limit of large N, we present a detailed analysis of the web of heteroclinic orbits among the plethora of 2-cluster equilibria. Our focus is on the global dynamics of 3-cluster solutions with one rebel cluster of small size. These solutions describe slow relative growth and decay of 2-cluster states. For N→∞, the limiting heteroclinic web defines an integrable\emph{rebel flow} in the space of 2-cluster equilibrium configurations. We identify and study the seven qualitatively distinct global rebel flows which arise in this setting. Applications include oscillators with all-to-all coupling, and electrochemistry. For illustration we consider synchronization clusters among N complex Stuart-Landau oscillators with complex linear global coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]