High-voltage lithium-metal battery with three-dimensional mesoporous carbon anode host and ether/carbonate binary electrolyte.

Electrolyte recipes and Li metal anode host materials are developed for lithium-metal batteries. 1,2-dimethoxyethane/ethylene carbonate mixed solvent with 1 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and 1 wt% LiNO 3 is shown to form a robust solid electrolyte interphase and improve Coulombic efficiency and cyclability during Li metal plating/stripping. This electrolyte can withstand high potential, allowing the operation of a LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NMC-811) cathode. One-dimensional carbon nanotubes, two-dimensional graphene nanosheets, and three-dimensional ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-8 are used as the host materials for the accommodation of Li metal. The strong and continuous conducting network of CMK-8 with interpenetrating open channels is found to be a promising scaffold for Li metal. With the proposed electrolyte, the CMK-8 electrode enables uniform Li plating/stripping with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.2% under a practical current density of 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, a long life of >550 charge-discharge cycles is achieved. The high structural stability of CMK-8 upon cycling is confirmed using electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, we use a Li-free CMK-8 electrode, an NMC-811 cathode, and the proposed electrolyte to construct a full cell. The electrochemical properties are evaluated. [Display omitted] • Electrolyte and anode host materials are developed for lithium-metal batteries. • The proposed electrolyte induces a robust SEI and withstands high potential. • 1-D CNT, 2-D graphene, and 3-D CMK-8 carbon host materials are examined. • CMK-8 structure can minimize the dead Li amount and suppress Li dendrite formation. • Superior CE of 99.2% and great stability of up to 550 cycles are found for CMK-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]