FORCE AGAINST AND BY GAME AGAINST WARDENS IN CITIZEN ENCOUNTERS.

This article provides a descriptive analysis of assaults against and force by game wardens. Statewide data were provided by Virginia's Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. Spatial temporal and situational factors are examined and some comparisons to police are provided. Distinct spatial and temporal patterns are evident. Attempting an arrest and rendering assistance are the most dangerous situations for assaults on wardens. The strongest factor precipitating assault is offender's behavior. The strongest predictor of use of force is the presence of other police and offender's resistance. Important differences between wardens and police in the use of weapons and injury are identified. Important organizational and situational differences shape the uniqueness of wildlife and conservation law enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]