A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient activation in people living with chronic conditions.

<bold>Objective: </bold>The objectives of this review are to (1) describe the state of the science of patient activation interventions for the self-management of chronic conditions; (2) identify effective intervention elements for improving patient activation; and (3) compare intervention effectiveness across chronic conditions.<bold>Methods: </bold>This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA). PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched.<bold>Results: </bold>Thirty-two articles published between 2005 and 2019 were identified with intervention elements of self-management, disease management, and education. Meta-analysis of a subset of seven randomized controlled trials (n = 7) that used the 13-item version of the Patient Activation Measure with data collection points at 6 months demonstrated that patient activation did not change significantly in comparison with controls (MD = 0.25, 95 % CI = 0.02-0.47).<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Most interventions reported significant improvement in patient activation and were linked to tasks such as regular exercise and monitoring glucose. However, the meta-analysis of RCTs did not confirm these findings.<bold>Practice Implications: </bold>Patient activation can be assessed and addressed uniformly across all chronic conditions to improve patient engagement in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]