Surface Characterization of Paper Products via a Stylustype Contact Method.

Surface properties include both surface roughness and friction. With a stylus-type contact method, it is necessary to obtain either a surface roughness profile or a friction profile that is affected by stylus shape and size, its contact force on the sample, the scan speed, and the data acquisition rate. As a new surface parameter, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) from an average property has been introduced. It represents the deviation from either the roughness average (Ra) and the average coefficient of friction (COF), respectively. While Ra or average COF depends on the instrument and its operating conditions, the MAD should not depend on them because it represents the variations within the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]