Potential of green ammonia production in India.

The threat of climate change is forcing the world to decarbonize all economic sectors. Ammonia primarily used for fertilizer production and a potential, 'hydrogen carrier' currently accounts for ~27% of global hydrogen consumption and ~1% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In this analysis, we assess the techno-economic potential of ammonia production using onshore wind, open-field photovoltaic and batteries for both domestic usage and export scenarios in India, which is currently one of the world's largest producer and importer of ammonia. Our results reveal that India's potential can comfortably satisfy global ammonia demand with lowest ammonia costs of 723 EUR/t NH3 and 765 EUR/t NH3 for the domestic and export scenario, respectively. To compete with conventional ammonia production a carbon tax of 224–335 €/t CO2 would be required. Finally, costs of shipping liquid hydrogen and the 'hydrogen carrier' ammonia are similar here giving other economic, environmental and safety factors higher relevance. • Techno-economic potential of green ammonia in India assessed. • India's green ammonia potential could supply global ammonia demand. • Photovoltaic based green ammonia at Mumbai harbor provides cheapest cost in India. • To compete with today's ammonia imports to India needs a carbon tax of ≥224€/t CO2. • Similar import costs for shipping liquid hydrogen and ammonia as a hydrogen carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]