Delayed and reduced intralimb muscular coupling during postural reactions in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury.

<bold>Background: </bold>Postural strategies are enabled by rapid muscle activation sequences to prevent a fall. Intralimb muscular couplings underlie these postural strategies are likely impaired after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI), leading to inappropriate postural reactions and increased fall risk; yet, the nature of these changes is unknown.<bold>Research Question: </bold>Identify changes occurring in intralimb coupling following a perturbation in individuals with iSCI.<bold>Methods: </bold>Ten men with iSCI and eight age-matched controls (CTRL) stood on a force-platform that was randomly tilted forward or backward. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lower limb muscles was recorded, and coactivation or simultaneous facilitation/suppression between pairs of muscles was analyzed. Onset and duration of coupling latency, intralimb coupling delay, and amplitude ratios were measured in the distal (soleus [SOL]/tibialis anterior [TA]), proximal (biceps femoris [BF]/vastus lateralis [VL]), anterior (TA-VL), and posterior (SOL-BF) muscle couplings.<bold>Results: </bold>In forward tilt, the main coupling was TA-SOL co-contraction for both groups, but the latency was longer and the duration shorter in SCI participants. In backward tilt, the TA-VL co-activation was the main coupling in CTRL (88 %), although it was also expressed by 60 % of SCI participant with a delayed latency. The facilitation/suppression of TA-SOL was the main coupling in SCI group (80 % vs 63 % in CTRL). Delayed coupling latencies were more pronounced in individuals with cervical iSCI and were correlated with the strength of lower limbs.<bold>Significance: </bold>Similar muscular couplings are present in both groups but are delayed, which might contribute to postural reaction deficits in individuals with iSCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]