Motion Optimization for Musculoskeletal Dynamics: A Flatness-Based Polynomial Approach.

A new approach for trajectory optimization of musculoskeletal dynamic models is introduced. The model combines rigid-body and muscle dynamics described with a Hill-type model driven by neural control inputs. The objective is to find input and state trajectories that are optimal with respect to a minimum-effort objective and meet constraints associated with musculoskeletal models. The measure of effort is given by the integral of pairwise average forces of the agonist-antagonist muscles. The concepts of flat parameterization of nonlinear systems and sum-of-squares optimization are combined to yield a method that eliminates the numerous set of dynamic constraints present in collocation methods. With terminal equilibrium, optimization reduces to a feasible linear program, and a recursive feasibility proof is given for more general polynomial optimization cases. The methods of the article can be used as a basis for fast, and efficient solvers for hierarchical, and receding-horizon control schemes. Two simulation examples are included to illustrate the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]