Técnicas emergentes de extracción de ß-caroteno para la valorización de subproductos agroindustriales de la zanahoria (Daucus carota L.): una revisión.

The objective of this review was to collect, contrast and analyse the conventional and non-conventional extraction techniques to obtain ß-carotene from carrot (Daucus carota L.), by conducting a bibliometric analysis of different recent studies and investigations where different approaches, techniques, and findings converge. Similarly, the contribution of green solvents to the extraction process is established to determine its applicability at an industrial scale. Carrots are rich in carotenoids, and especially in ß-carotene, a source of provitamin A used as a natural coloring in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) have been evaluated using the carrot and have been compared to conventional solvent extraction techniques (CSE), showing similar and even higher extraction yields and efficiencies. However, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) shows successful and considerably higher results (157.0 mg b-carotene/100 g DB) compared to other non-conventional techniques. Further investigations are required to optimize the extraction conditions and parameters, as well as the evaluation of suitable preservation conditions for both the raw material and the final extract that ensure a higher stability of the end-product, and thus providing a higher extraction yield. Green alternatives should be considered to reduce environmental impact in future extraction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]